Water is a vital element for the living world and an essential factor of socio-economic development. It is also a risk factor, because hydrological hazards are generating important human, economic and environmental losses. The growing pressure of human society on water resources may lead to quantitative and / or qualitative conflicts, affecting the overall water – society relationships, and competitions between users/actors, at different spatial scales (local, regional or international). For a sustainable and peaceful use of water resources, diagnosis and assessment studies are necessary, based on thorough investigation and modern technology for data acquisition and processing. In this respect, the “Water – Society – Environment” section of the present conference seeks to promote paper-works and studies that reveal these concerns, grouped into four main topics: